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Following is a list of our CFAST personnel. Please click on their photo or the 'show bio' link to view their detailed bio.
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Gregory D. Boardman
Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Phone: 540-231-1376
FAX: 540-231-7916
e-mail: gboard@vt.edu
Show Bio
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Biography: Gregory D. Boardman
Expertise: Solid and Liquid Waste Treatment; Pollution Prevention; Water Treatment and Conservation
Research Interests
Solid and liquid waste treatment, water treatment and conservation, pollution
prevention, environmental toxicology.
Personal Information
Dr. Gregory Boardman is a professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
and Director of the Annual Short Courses for Treatment Plant Operators at Virginia
Tech. Dr. Boardman is licensed as a professional engineer (P.E.) in Virginia
and registered as a Diplomate of Environmental Engineering (DEE). He performs
research in the areas of industrial and hazardous waste management, environmental
toxicology, and water and wastewater treatment. Since joining the Virginia
Tech faculty in 1976, Dr. Boardman has served as an engineering consultant
to more than 20 agencies and companies, been the principal or co-principal
investigator for more than 90 funded projects, and published more than 150
papers and reports in the environmental area.
Current Projects
Relationship of feed composition to water quality
Several members of the CFAST team are involved in this work.
The primary goal is to develop excellent feeds that have minimal effect
on water quality. The feed therefore needs to be economical, nutritious
and assimilated well. Among the water quality parameters being monitored
are various nutrients and suspended matter. These experiments are being
performed with yellow perch, tilapia and shrimp.
Nutritional requirements of shrimp
The CFAST team is again working together to investigate the growth
of a freshwater shrimp in the water effluents from a tilapia farm. In the
initial stages of the work, the health and growth of shrimp will be monitored
in the effluents, as well as in a series of controls. If the shrimp die or
fail to grow well in the effluents, the effect of various treatments, including
nutrient additions and pretreatment of the effluents, will be studied.
Treatment of effluent waters from a trout farm
A experimental, full-scale sedimentation tank will be designed,
installed and tested in this study. The tank will be partitioned into various
sections to prevent short circuiting and to allow for evaluation of various
filters and the use of mollusks in removing suspended matter and nutrients.
This work is being performed in conjunction with Dr. L. Helfrich.
Simulation and optimization of recirculating facilities
A computer model is being developed in this study that will allow
for the simulation and optimization of operations in recirculating aquaculture
facilities. Such variables as oxygen use, nitrification and water recirculation
rates are among the parameters being considered. The first version of the
model will be based on the growth of tilapia.
Stimulation of Vitellogenin in Fish
Vitellogenin, a type of protein, is a biomarker for estrogenic activity.
In this study, levels of vitellogenin in medaka are being assayed by means
of ELISA, following exposure of the fish to commonly used chemotherapeutics.
Reduction of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs)
The goal of this project is to identify means of reducing the DBPs
(trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids) created at a full-scale, water
treatment plant. The role that sludges in treatment plant clarifiers
may play in contributing to DBP levels is being rigorously studied.
Recent Publications
Chapters in Books
2002 Boardman, G. D., and Kelley, M. B., The Removal of
Microbes through Clarification, American Society of Civil Engineers, Monograph.
Papers
2005 Maillard, V.M., Boardman, G.D., Nyland, J.E. and Kuhn, D.D., Water
Quality and Sludge Characterization at Raceway-System Trout Farms, Journal
of the Aquacultural Engineering Society, 22(4): 271-284 .
2004 Boardman, G.D., Starbuck, S.M., Hudgins, D.B., Li,
X., and Kuhn, D.D., Toxicity of Ammonia to Three Marine Fish and Three
Marine Invertebrates, Environmental Toxicology, 19: 134-142.
2002 Sandu, S.I., Boardman, G.D., Watten, B.J., and Brazil,
B.L., Factors Influencing the Nitrification Efficiency of Fluidized Bed Filters
with a Plastic Bead Medium, Journal of the Aquacultural Engineering Society,
26: 41-59.
2001 Adam, C.A., Dietrich, A.M., Gallagher, D.G., Whelton,
A.J., Boardman, G.D., and Edwards, M.A., Implementing US EPA's Operator Certification
Program for Small Systems in Virginia, Journal of the American Water Works
Association, August, 93(8): 51-61.
2000 Christopher, H. J., Boardman, G. D, and Freeman, D.
L., Aerobic Biological Treatment of 2, 4-Dinitrotoluene in Munitions Plant
Wastewater, Water Research. 34(5): 1595-1603.
Biography: Daniel P. Taylor
Expertise: Aquaculture Planning and Management; Product Development; Seafood Safety
Daniel P. Taylor joined Virginia Tech in 2010 as the head aquaculture research specialist at the Southwest Virginia Aquaculture Research Center (SVARC). He brings an interdisciplinary background to meet the multifaceted objectives of Virginia Tech’s seafood research agenda. After receiving his B.Sc. from Old Dominion University, he attended Aalborg University in Denmark and received his M.Sc. from Lund University in Sweden. Taylor has domestic and international experience in aquatic toxicology, aquatic animal husbandry, aquaculture management and planning, environmental spatial modeling, implementing sustainable development projects, green construction, and aquaponics design.
His research interests include rearing new aquaculture candidate species; process waste management and reapplication; aquaponics; applied aquaculture in developing communities/economies; spatial planning of aquaculture; sustainable feed; public-private partnerships; value-added product development; and seafood safety.
Currently he is managing the daily operations and research at SVARC while serving as an outreach and education agent in aquaculture, as well as pursuing collaborative research with public and commercial entities.
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George J. Flick, Jr.
University Distinguished Professor of Food Science & Technology
Phone: 540-231-6965
FAX: 540-231-9293
e-mail: flickg@vt.edu
Show Bio
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Biography: Laura S. Lawson
Expertise: High Pressure Processing; Lab Specialist; Administration; Technical Writing
Personal Information
Laura attended The College of William and Mary after graduating from Blacksburg
High School. She received her BS in chemistry and biology and then came
back to Virginia Tech where she acquired an MS in chemistry. Since then
Laura has worked as a lab specialist for a number of departments at Virginia
Tech. Her lab experience includes work in surface chemistry, molecular
biology, and food chemistry. Currently, she is managing the High Pressure
Processing Laboratory in the Food Science and Technology Department. Laura
is also involved in writing and submitting grant proposals, assisting with
research projects, and helping to coordinate conferences and programs.
Publications
Medical Product Risk Management Training Using HACCP Principles: Fourth Edition. October 2008. J. Salyer, K. Aziz, G. Flick, L. Douglas, A. Vashishtha, A. Correa, Eds. Medical HACCP Alliance, Blacksburg, VA.
Pharmaceutical Risk Management Training Using HACCP Principles: Second Edition. October 2008. J. Salyer, K. Aziz, G. Flick, L. Douglas, A. Vashishtha, S. Mastrangelo, A. Correa, Eds. Medical HACCP Alliance, Blacksburg, VA.
Medical Product Risk Management Training Using HACCP Principles: Third Edition. February 2008. J. Salyer, K. Aziz, G. Flick, L. Douglas, A. Vashishtha, A. Correa, Eds. Medical HACCP Alliance, Blacksburg, VA.
Pharmaceutical Risk Management Training Using HACCP Principles: First Edition. March 2008. J. Salyer, K. Aziz, G. Flick, L. Douglas, A. Vashishtha, S. Mastrangelo, A. Correa, Eds. Medical HACCP Alliance, Blacksburg, VA.
2008. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture. Rakestraw, T., Douglas, L., Marsh, L., Granata, L., and Flick, G. (Eds.). Virginia Tech, The Hotel Roanoke and Conference Center, July 25-27. Roanoke, VA.
2006. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture. Rakestraw, T., Douglas, L., Marsh, L., Granata, L., Correa, A. and Flick, G. (Eds.). Virginia Tech, The Hotel Roanoke and Conference Center, July 21-23. Roanoke, VA.
2004. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture. Rakestraw, T., Douglas, L., Flick, G. (Eds.). Virginia Tech, The Hotel Roanoke and Conference Center, July 22-24.Roanoke, VA.
2003. Medical product risk management training using HACCP principles: Second edition. Salyer, J., Flick, G., Douglas, L., Hyman, W., Cotto, J., Aziz, K., Kauffman, L., and Priem, J., Eds. Published by Medical HACCP Alliance.
2003. Gonzalez, S., G.J. Flick, L. Douglas, E. McLean, S. Smith, and S.R. Craig. Composition and shelf-life of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Aquaculture America 2003. February 18-21, 2003, Louisville, KY.
2002. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference
on Recirculating Aquaculture. (T.T. Rakestraw, L.S. Douglas, and G.J.
Flick, Eds.). Virginia Tech. The Hotel Roanoke and Conference Center.
July 18-21. 651 pp.
2001. Flick, G.J., M.P. Oria, and L.S. Douglas. Potential
Hazards in Cold-smoked Fish: Biogenic Amines. J. of Food Science. Supplement
to 66(7):S-1088 - S-1099.
2000. Zoecklein, B.W., L.S. Douglas, and Y.W. Jasinski.
Evaluation of the Phenol-free Glycosyl-glucose Determination. Am. J.
Enol. Vitic. 51(4):420-423.
2000. Palma, M., L.T. Taylor, B.W. Zoecklein, and L.S.
Douglas. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Grape Glycosides. J. Agric.
Food Chem. 48(3):775-779.
Biography: George J. Flick, Jr.
Expertise: Fish and Shellfish Processing; Food Safety; Quality Assurance; HACCP
Research Interests
Fish and shellfish compositions and analysis, chemical and microbial
food safety, unit processing operations for aquatic food and industrial
product production, product development, and quality assurance and control.
Personal Information
Dr. George J. Flick, Jr. received his B.A. degree in Chemistry from Louisiana
State University in 1963. He was awarded the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees
in Food Science and Technology from Louisiana State University in 1965
and 1969 respectively. He served in the U.S. armed forces (159th Fighter
Interceptor Squadron) from 1963 to 1969 and was awarded an Honorable
Discharge. Dr. Flick has been a visiting professor in the Department
of Marine Biochemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan and the Chemistry
Department, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. Dr.
Flick joined the Food Science and Technology Department at Virginia
Tech in 1969 as an Assistant Professor. In 1996, he was promoted to
University Distinguished Professor. He is a Fellow of the Institute
of Food Technologists and the American Association for the Advancement
of Science.
Current Projects
George Flick's research projects are primarily concerned with the utilization
of wild and aquacultured fish and shellfish for food, feed, and industrial
products. The main beneficiaries of the program are seafood producers
(including aquaculture enterprises), processors, retailers, and the
food service industry. Most federal funding for his projects are provided
by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Commerce.
He has been active with several industry associations and professional
organizations, including the National Fisheries Institute (NFI), Institute
of Food Technologists (IFT), Central Atlantic States Association of
Food and Drug Officials (CASA), American Chemical Society (ACS), International
Association for Food Protection, and World Aquaculture Society (WAS).
Currently, three doctoral candidates and three laboratory assistants
are working on the following topics: the effect of alternative processing
operations (high pressure, irradiation, thermal energy) on survival of
the parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum, in oysters (Crassostrea virginica);
the effects of harvesting, processing and distribution on the formation
of histamine and other biogenic amines in major commercial mid-Atlantic
fish species; the presence and dynamics of Listeria monocytogenes and
other Listeria species in ready-to-eat fish and shellfish products (i.e.,
smoked fish, crab meat, shrimp); and the effects of thermal processing
on the quality and safety of pasteurized blue crab (Callinectes sapidus)
meat.
Recent Publications
Books
2000. Martin, R.E., E.P. Carter, G.J. Flick, Jr., and L.M. Davis. Marine & Freshwater
Products Handbook. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc. Lancaster, PA.
913 pages.
Chapters in Books
2009. Flick, Jr., G. J., L. A. Granata, and L. S. Marsh. Slaughter, Storage, Transport, and Packaging Crustaceans.
In: Shellfish Safety and Quality. S.E. Shumway and G.E. Rodrick Eds.; CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Pp. 542-567.
2004. Flick, Jr., G.J. and L.A. Granata. Biogenic Amines in Foods. In:
Toxins in Food. (W.M. Dabrowski and Z.E. Sikorski, Eds.). Pp. 121-154.
CRC Press., Boca Raton, FL.
2000. Flick, Jr., G.J. and R.R. Martin. Leather Production from Fish
Skins. In: Marine and Freshwater Products Handbook. (R.E. Martin, E.P.
Carter, G.F. Flick, Jr., and L.M. Davis, Eds.). Pp. 599-604. Technomic
Publishing Co., Inc., Lancaster, PA.
2000. Flick, Jr., G.J. and R.R. Martin. Gelatin and Isinglass Production.
In: Marine and Freshwater Products Handbook. (R.E. Martin, E.P. Carter,
G.F. Flick, Jr., and L.M. Davis, Eds.). Pp. 605-612. Technomic Publishing
Co., Inc., Lancaster, PA.
2000. Flick, Jr., G.J. and R.R. Martin. Insulin. In: Marine and Freshwater
Products Handbook. (R.E. Martin, E.P. Carter, G.F. Flick, Jr., and L.M.
Davis, Eds.). Pp. 613-618. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Lancaster,
PA.
2000. Flick, Jr., G.J. and R.R. Martin. Hydrolysates. In: Marine and
Freshwater Products Handbook. (R.E. Martin, E.P. Carter, G.F. Flick, Jr.,
and L.M. Davis, Eds.). Pp. 619-626. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc., Lancaster,
PA.
2000. Flick, Jr., G.J. and R.R. Martin. Chitin and Chitosan. In: Marine
and Freshwater Products Handbook. (R.E. Martin, E.P. Carter, G.F. Flick,
Jr., and L.M. Davis, Eds.). Pp. 627-634. Technomic Publishing Co., Inc.,
Lancaster, PA.
Papers
2009. Flick, Jr., G. J. High Pressure Processing: Thought and Substantial
Research Required. Fleischwirtschaft International. 24(3):14, 16-18.
2009. Kingsley, D. H., K. Calci, S. Holliman, B. Dancho, and G. Flick. High
Pressure Inactivation of HAV Within Oysters: Comparison of Shucked Oysters with
Whole-In-Shell Meats. Food Environmental Research. 1:137-140.
2009. Kuhn, D. D., G. D. Boardman, A. L. Lawrence, L. Marsh, and G. J. Flick, Jr.
Microbial Floc Meal as a Replacement Ingredient for Fish Meal and Soybean Protein
in Shrimp Feed. Aquaculture. 296:51-57.
2008. Granata, L. A., J. White, and G. J. Flick, Jr. Alternative Methods to
Pasteurization of Apple Cider Focusing on the Elimination and Reduction of Escherichia
coli 0157:H7. Food Protection Trends. 28(6):380-390.
2008. King, R. K., G. J. Flick, Jr., S. A. Smith, M. D. Pierson, G. D. Boardman,
and C. W. Coale, Jr. Response of Bacterial Biofilms in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
to Various Sanitizers. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. 20(2):79-92.
2008. Kuhn, D. D., G. D. Boardman, S. R. Craig, G. J. Flick, Jr. and E. McLean.
Use of Microbial Flocs Generated from Tilapia Effluent as a Nutritional Supplement for
Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. Journal of the World
Aquaculture Society. 39(1):72-82.
2008. Lindsay, D. S., D. Holliman, G. J. Flick, Jr., D. G. Goodwin, S. M. Mitchell,
and J. P. Dubey. Effects of High Pressure Processing on Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts on Raspberries.
Journal of Parasitology. 94(3):757-758.
2008. Machen, J. W., S. A. Smith, M. E. Mainous, and G. J. Flick, Jr. Vibrio anguillarum
and V. ordalii Disinfection for Aquaculture Facilities. International Journal of Recirculating
Aquaculture. 9:43-51.
2008. Sarnoski, P. J., M. L. Jahncke, S. F. OKeefe, P. Mallikarjunan, and G. J. Flick, Jr.
Determination of Quality Attributes of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Meat by Electronic Nose
and Draeger-Tube Analysis. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 17(3):234-252.
2008. Sheldon, T. A., G. D. Boardman, G. J. Flick, and D. L. Gallagher. Effect of
High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Freely Suspended and Bivalve-Associated T7
Bacteriophage. Journal of Food Protection. 71(2):345-350.
2008. Suklim, K., G. J. Flick, D. W. Bourne, L. A. Granata, J. Eifert, R. Williams,
D. Popham, and R. Wittman. Microbiology, Physical and Sensory Quality of Vacuum-packaged
Fresh Blue Crab Meat (Callinectes sapidus) Treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure.
Food Protection Trends. 28(2):96-106.
2008. Suklim, K., G. J. Flick, D. W. Bourne, L. A. Granata, J. Eifert, R. Williams,
R. Popham, and R. Wittman. Pressure-Induced Germination and Inactivation of Bacillus cereus
Spores and Their Survival in Fresh Blue Crab Meat (Callinectes sapidus) During Storage.
Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 17(3):322-337.
2008. Tulou, K., G. Boardman, S. Smith, and G. Flick. Levels of Vitellogenin in Male
Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Exposed to Chemotherapeutics: Oxytetracycline, Romet-30,
and Copper Sulfate. Journal of Applied Aquaculture. 30(3):149-167.
2007. Kingsley, D. H., D. R. Holliman, K. R. Calci, H. Chen, and G. J. Flick.
Inactivation of a Norovirus by High-Pressure Processing. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
73(2):581-585.
2007. Kuhn, D. D., G. D. Boardman, S. R. Craig, G. J. Flick, Jr., and E. McLean.
Evaluation of Tilapia Effluent with Ion Supplementation for Marine Shrimp Production
in a Recirculating Aquaculture System. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 38:74-84.
2007. Munshi, A. B., G. D. Boardman, G. J. Flick, and H. A. Siddiqi. Level of Organochloride
Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Shellfisheries and Flounder Eggs at Virginia Beach
Using Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(5):321-326.
2007. Rosypal, A. C., D. D. Bowman, D. Holliman, G. J. Flick, and D. S. Lindsay.
Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Embryonation of Ascaris suum Eggs. Veterinary
Parasitology. 145:86-89.
2006. Gonzalez, S., G. J. Flick, S. F. OKeefe, S. E. Duncan, E. McLean, and S. R. Craig.
Chemical, Physical and Sensorial Differences in Farmed Southern Flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma)
Fed Commercial or Crab Meal-Supplemented Diets. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 15(3):69-79.
2006. Gonzalez, S., G. J. Flick, F. M. Arritt, D. Holliman, and B. Meadows.
The Effect of High Pressure Processing on Strains of Enterobacter sakazakii.
Journal of Food Protection. 69(4):935-937.
2006. Gonzalez, S., G. J. Flick, S. F. OKeefe, S. E. Duncan, E. McLean, and S. R. Craig.
Composition of Farmed and Wild Yellow Perch. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 19(6-7):720-726.
2006. Lindsay, D. S., M. V. Collins, D. Holliman, G. J. Flick, and J. P. Dubey.
Effects of High Pressure Processing on Toxoplasma gondii Tissue Cysts in Ground Pork.
Journal of Parasitology. 92(1):195-196.
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Linda A. Granata
Research Associate, Department of Food Science and Technology
Phone:
FAX:
e-mail: lgranata@vt.edu
Show Bio
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David D. Kuhn
Research Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology
Phone: 540-231-8643
FAX: 540-231-9293
e-mail: davekuhn@vt.edu
Show Bio
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Biography: Linda A. Granata
Current Work
Dr. Granata has been a Research Associate for the Food Science and Technology Department at Virginia Tech, with particular research interests in High Pressure Processing. Currently, Dr. Granata is editing the 2nd edition of The Seafood Industry Research on Norovirus and Vibrio spp.
Education
B.S. Purdue University - Food Science and Technology
M.S. The Ohio State University – Food Science and Technology
Publications
Pressure-Induced germination ans Inactivation of Bacillus cereus Spore and Their Survival in Fresh Blue Crab Meat (Callinectes sapidus) During Storage Microbiological
Physical and Sensory Quality of Vacuum-Packaged Fresh Blue Crab Meat (Callinectes sapidus) Treated with High Hydrostatic Pressure
Alternative Methods to Pasteurization for Apple Juice.
Biography: David D. Kuhn
Personal Information
Dr. David D. Kuhn, Research Assistant Professor, joined the Department of Food Science and Technology faculty at Virginia Tech after receiving his doctorate in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Virginia Tech in 2008. He also holds a B.S. degree in Mathematics (Saint Lawrence University), B.S. degree in Civil Engineering (Clarkson University), and a M.S. in Civil and Environmental Engineering (Clarkson University). In his short time as a faculty member he has helped bring in extramural funds to the University to work on various aquaculture projects that serve the needs of the aquaculture industry. To date, he has over 24 publications (15 peer-reviewed scientific manuscripts in press/published) and has presented more than 20 papers at various seminars, and national/international meetings. His research interests include animal husbandry, alternative ingredients for aquaculture feeds, new species culture in recirculating aquaculture systems, seafood quality, systems engineering, and waste handling/reuse. Overall, he enjoys working with industry to help them become more economically and environmentally sustainable.
Publications
2010. Kuhn, D.D., S.A. Smith, G.D. Boardman, M.W. Angier, G.J. Flick Jr. (in press). Chronic toxicity of nitrate to Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: impacts on survival, growth, antennae length, and pathology. Aquaculture.
2010. Mainous, M.E., Smith, S.A., Kuhn, D.D. (in press). Effect of common aquaculture chemicals against Edwardsiella ictaluri and Edwardsiella tarda. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health.
2010. Kuhn, D.D., G.D. Boardman, G.J. Flick Jr. (in press). Production of microbial flocs using laboratory-scale suspended growth biological processes for removing nutrients in tilapia wastewaters. International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture.
2010. Kuhn, D.D., A.L. Lawrence, G.D. Boardman, L. Marsh, G.J. Flick Jr. (in press). Understanding what makes bioflocs great for shrimp. Global Aquaculuture Advocate.
2010. Kuhn, D.D., A.L. Lawrence, G.D. Boardman, L. Marsh, G.J. Flick Jr. (in press). Tecnologia de biofloc utilizando biorreactores: tratamiento de efluentes acuicolas y generacion de proteina para alimento de camaron. Industria Aquicola.
2010. Kuhn, D.D., D.D. Drahos, L. Marsh, G.J. Flick Jr. Evaluation of nitrifying bacteria to improve nitrification efficacy in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering 43, 78-82.
2010. Schuler, D.J., G.D. Boardman, D.D. Kuhn, G.J. Flick Jr. Acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to Litopenaeus vannamei at low salinities. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 41, 438-446.
2010. Kuhn, D.D., A.L. Lawrence, G.D. Boardman, S. Patnaik, L. Marsh, G.J. Flick Jr. Evaluation of two types of biofloc meals derived from biological treatment of fish effluent as feed ingredients for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 303, 28-33.
2010. Kuhn, D.D., A.L. Lawrence, G.D. Boardman, G.J. Flick Jr. Evaluacion de bioflocs derivados de biorreactores de crecimiento en suspension como ingredientes en alimento de camaron. Panorama Acuicola Magazine. September/October 2010, p. 10-18.
2010. Kuhn, D.D., A.L., Lawrence, G.D., Boardman, G.J., Flick Jr. Biofloc: a novel and sustainable ingredient for shrimp feed. Global Aquaculture Advocate. May/June 2010, p. 75-76.
2010. Kuhn, D.D., G.D., Boardman, A.L., Lawrence, G.J., Flick Jr. Suspended-growth biological processes clean RAS wastewater. Global Aquaculture Advocate. January/Feburary 2010, p. 45-47.
2009. Kuhn DD, GD Boardman, L Marsh, AL Lawrence, GJ Flick Jr. Technology and research advances for the production of marine shrimp in recirculating aquaculture systems. Journal of Shellfish Research 28 (3), 709.
2009. Kuhn, D.D., G.D. Boardman, A.L. Lawrence, L. Marsh, G.J. Flick Jr. Microbial floc meal as a replacement ingredient for fish meal and soybean protein in shrimp feed. Aquaculture 296, 51-57.
2009. Kuhn, D.D., G.D. Boardman, S.R. Craig, G.J. Flick Jr., E. McLean. Use of microbial flocs generated from tilapia effluent as a nutritional supplement for shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in recirculating aquaculture systems. Panorama Acuicola Magazine. January/Febuary 2009, p 32-37.
2008. Kuhn, D.D., G.D. Boardman, S.R. Craig, G.J. Flick Jr., and E. McLean. Use of microbial flocs generated from tilapia effluent as a nutritional supplement for shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in RAS. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 39, 72-82.
2007. Duncan, M., S.R. Craig, A.N. Lunger, D.D. Kuhn, G. Salze, and E. McLean. Bioimpedance assessment of body composition in cobia Rachycentron canadum (L. 1766). Aquaculture 271, 432-438.
2007. Lunger, A.N., E. McClean, T.G. Gaylord, D.D. Kuhn, and S.R. Craig. Taurine supplementation to alternative dietary proteins used in fish meal replacement enhances growth of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Aquaculture 271, 401-410.
2007. Kuhn, D.D., G.D. Boardman, S.R. Craig, G.J. Flick Jr., and E. McLean. Evaluation of tilapia effluent with ion supplementation for marine shrimp production in a RAS. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 38, 74-84.
2006. McLean, E., B. Reid, D. Fegan, D. Kuhn and S. Craig. Total replacement of fishmeal with an organically certified yeast-based protein in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets: laboratory and field trials. Ribarstvo 64, 47-58.
2005. Maillard, V.M., G.D. Boardman, J.E. Nyland, and D.D. Kuhn. Water quality and sludge characterization at raceway-system trout farms. Aquacultural Engineering 33, 271-284.
2005. Kuhn, D.D., and T.C. Young. Photolytic degradation of hexacyanoferrate (II) in aqueous media: the determination of degradation kinetics. Chemosphere 60, 1222-1230.
Biography: Lori S. Marsh
Expertise: Vermiculture; Waste Management
Research
Interests
Indoor, recirculating aquaculture production.
Personal
Information
Dr. Lori Marsh is an Associate Professor in the Department of Food Science
and Technology at Virginia Tech. She serves as a liaison between Virginia
Tech and Blue Ridge Aquaculture, overseeing cooperative research between
the two entities. Since joining Virginia Tech, she has been principal or
co-principal investigator for more than 25 funded projects, and published
more than 65 papers and reports.
Current
Projects
Use of substrates to increase shrimp density in indoor recirculating
aquaculture facilities.
Recent
Publications
2005. Marsh, L.S., S. Subler, S. Mishra, and M. Marini. Suitability
of aquaculture effluent solids mixed with cardboard as a feedstock for
vermicomposting. Bioresource Technology. 96(2005) 413-418.
2002.
Marsh, L.S. Vermicomposting in the Classroom. In: Aquaculture in the
Classroom. Proceedings of the Aquaculture in the Classroom Workshop.
June, 2002. Dept of Food Sci and Technology. Virginia Tech. Blacksburg,
VA.
2001.
Marsh, L.S. An Evaluation of Alternative Approaches to Reduce Odors from
Intensive Swine Operations. Item # 428, 1999 Appropriations Act. September,
2001. http://www.deq.state.va.us/pdf/gareports/swineodor.pdf
2000.
Kirkup, S.P., L.S. Marsh, G.S. Libey, A.G. Heath, C.W. Coale and C.G.
Haugh. Effects of Temperature and Feeding Rates upon Growth and Feed
Conversion Ratios in Tilapia. In 3rd International Conference on Recirculating
Aquaculture. Eds. G.S. Libey, T. Rakestraw, G. Flick and M.B. Timmons.
Roanoke, Virginia. 20-23 July.
2000.
Marsh, L.S. Water Quality on the Farm. Career and Technical Education
Resource Center. Richmond, Virginia.
Biography: Terry T. Rakestraw
Expertise: Coordination/organization of national and international conferences/workshops
Personal Information
Terry currently serves as George Flick's assistant. Among other tasks, Terry
coordinates joint proposals for external funding across four colleges, coordinates
the biennial International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture Conference,
is the Administrative Coordinator for the CFAST program, organizes activities
relating to national and international continuing education programs (Seafood
and Medical HACCP training programs, Risk Management symposiums) for professional
groups and industry, assists with newsletters, and serves as an Executive Secretary
to the faculty in the Department of Food Science and Technology.
Recent Publications
2002. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference
on Recirculating Aquaculture. (T.T. Rakestraw, L.S. Douglas, and G.J. Flick,
Eds.). Virginia Tech. The Hotel Roanoke and Conference Center. July 18-21.
651 pp.
2000. Proceedings of the Third International Conference
on Recirculating Aquaculture. (G.S. Libey, M.B. Timmons, G.J. Flick, T.T.
Rakestraw, Eds.) Virginia Tech. The Hotel Roanoke and Conference Center,
July 20-23. 360pp.
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Dan B. Taylor
Professor Agriculture and Applied Economics
Phone: 540-231-5032
FAX: 540-231-4530
e-mail: taylord@vt.edu
Show Bio
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Stephen A. Smith
Professor of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine
Phone: 540-231-5131
FAX: 540-231-6033
e-mail: stsmith7@vt.edu
Show Bio
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Biography: Dan B. Taylor
Expertise: Production and Resource Economics, Operations Research, Policy Analysis, Sustainable Development
Personal Information
Dr. Daniel B. Taylor received his B.S. degree in Wildlife Science from Cornell
University in 1975. He earned his M.S. degree in Resource Utilization from
the University of Maine at Orono in 1978. In 1982 he competed his Ph.D. degree
in Agricultural Economics at Washington State University. Dr. Taylor joined
the faculty of the (then) Department of Agricultural at Virginia Tech in 1982
as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Full Professor in 1994.
Recent Publications
Chapters in Books
2005. Norton, G.W., K. Moore, D. Quyishpe, V. Barrera, T. DeBass, S. Moyo,
D.B. Taylor. Evaluating Socio-Economic Impacts of IPM. In: Globalizing Integrated
Pest Management: A Participatory Process. (G.W. Norton, E.A. Heinrichs, G.C.
Luthur, and M.E. Irwin, Eds.). Pp. 225-244. Blackwell Publishing Professional,
Ames Iowa.
Papers
2003. Mullen, J. D., D. B. Taylor, M. Fofana, and D. Kebe. “A Bio-
economic Model of
Long-Run Striga Control with An Application to Subsistence Farming in Mali.” International
Journal of Pest Management (49): 251-264.
2003. Mullen, J. D., D. B. Taylor, M. Fofana, and D. Kebe. A Framework for
IntegratingBiological and Economic Considerations of Long-Run Striga Control
with an Illustration from Subsistence Farming in Mali. Agricultural Systems
(76): 787-795.
2002. Erbaugh, J. M., S. Kyamanywa, D. B. Taylor, and E. Adipala. Contributions
of farmer participation to IPM research and development: The IPM CRSP experience
in Uganda.” In: Integrated Pest Management Conference Proceedings,
Pp. 74-80. African Crop Science Society: Kampala, Uganda.
2002. B. Mugonola, V. Kasenge, W. Ekere, S. Kyamanywa, E. Adipala, J. Nabirye,
D. B. Taylor, A. Agona, and J. M. Erbaugh. An economic evaluation of IPM
technologies in the control of cowpea pests. In: Integrated Pest Management
Conference Proceedings. Pp. 88-93 African Crop Science Society: Kampala,
Uganda.
2002. V. Kasenge, M. C. Akemo, D. B. Taylor, S. Kyamanywa, E. Adipala, and
B. Mugonola. Economics of fresh M.et Tomato production by peri-urban farmers
in Wakiso district. In: Integrated Pest Management Conference Proceedings.
Pp. 301-306 African Crop Science Society: Kampala, Uganda.
2001. Kasenge, V., D. B. Taylor, S. Kyamanywa, G. Bigirwa, and J. M. Erbaugh.
Farm-Level Evaluation of Monocropping and Intercropping Impacts on Maize
Yields and Returns in Iganga District. East African Journal of Rural Development.
17(1):18-24.
Biography: Stephen A. Smith
Expertise: Aquatic Medicine; Fish Health Management
Web site: http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/Organization/Research/Aquatic/
Research Interests:
Finfish diseases, Mycobacteriosis, Immunology, Clinical medicine, Pharmacokenetics.
Personal Information
Dr. Stephen Smith joined the faculty of the Virginia-Maryland Regional College
of Veterinary Medicine at Virginia Tech in 1991 after receiving his DVM
from The Ohio State University and Ph.D. from North Carolina State University.
As a veterinarian, his specific area of expertise is in aquatic medicine
and fish health management. In addition, he has established a research
and isolation laboratory for the study of fish pathogens and chemotherapeutic
development. He has been associated with over one million dollars in
research grants and was the 1995 recipient of the Pfizer Animal Health
Award for Research Excellence. Dr. Smith is a member of the Fish Health
Section of the American Fisheries Society, the International Association
for Aquatic Animal Medicine, American Association of Zoo Veterinarians,
American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians, and the American Veterinary
Medical Association.
Since joining Virginia Tech, Dr. Smith has directed numerous research
projects, including the evaluation of the immune response in striped
bass; the development of hematology and blood chemistry values in striped
bass and tilapia; the description of normal anatomy and histology of
commonly cultured fish; and the evaluation of the effects of various
environmental chemical toxicants on the immune system of fish.
He has been involved with the development of several diagnostic assays
for infectious disease of cultured finfish, and has promoted the development
of non-lethal assays for the evaluation and monitoring of fish health.
Another area of his research focuses on mycobacteriosis in aquatic organisms
and techniques to detect this potentially zoonotic bacteria premortem.
He has been involved with determining the distribution of whirling disease
in cultured and wild trout populations in Virginia, and is one of the
initial researchers involved with the discovery of the toxic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria
piscicida, which is the reported cause for many of the fish kills
along the eastern U. S. coast.
Current Projects
Finfish diseases
The Aquatic Medicine Laboratory has a fully functional diagnostic laboratory
using the facilities of the VA/MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine.
This laboratory provides diagnostic services to aquaculturists, home aquarist
and researchers using aquatic animals. With the recent increased interest
in marine aquaculture, detection and evaluation of various diseases in marine
finfish has expanded the laboratory. Primarily focused on the summer flounder
at this time, this area of research has already yielded several previously-undescribed
pathogens of marine fish.
Mycobacteriosis
Mycobacteriosis in fish is a chronic, progressive wasting disease that also
has a serious zoonotic (being passed from animal to human) potential. The
majority of this research is focused on the pathogenesis of the infection
in commercially cultured fish, such as the hybrid striped bass, tilapia
and angelfish. In addition, a rapid molecular polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) laboratory procedure has been established for the detection and speciation
of the major aquatic mycobacterial species. Various disinfectants are also
being evaluated for their ability to eliminate mycobacterial organisms
from the environment.
Immunology
The immune response of an animal is a major component that directly influences
whether an animal survives in a particular environment. The ontogeny of
the immune response and it's associated organ systems in hybrid striped
bass, tilapia and sturgeon is being examined. Information from these studies
will help determine when fish should be vaccinated, handled, graded and
moved. As part of this endeavor, an aquatic immunotoxicology program has
been established that can evaluate the immune response of fish using a
variety of immunological assays.
Clinical medicine
The laboratory has been involved with the standardization of blood collection
techniques for fish and the establishment of normal hematological and blood
chemistry values for various cultured fish species. Normal blood values
for the various hybrids of the striped bass have been determined and recent
studies completed on hybrid tilapia and summer flounder. These values will
be used in future studies to see if they can be diagnostic for various
diseases in fish. This could potentially give the producer a means of early
disease detection in aquaculture stocks.
Pharmacokenetics
Chemotherapeutics are often used in fish to combat bacterial diseases. Unfortunately,
only two drugs are legally approved for use in foodfish, and a number of
common bacterial organisms of cultured fish have resistance to both drugs.
Thus, another research focus of the laboratory is the acquisition of pharmacological
data on various potential chemotherapeutants for fish. Fish species evaluated
include: tilapia, yellow perch, and summer flounder.
Recent Publications
Papers
2007. Spotswood, T and S.A. Smith. Radiographic imaging of
the horseshoe crab, (Limulus polyphemus). Veterinary Radiology
and Ultrasound 48:14-20.
2006. Newman, S.J. and S.A. Smith. Marine Mammal Neoplasia:
A Review. Veterinary Pathology 43(6): 865-880.
2006. Pasnik, D.J. and S.A. Smith. Protection of hybrid striped
bass Morone saxitilis x M. chrysops against acute Mycobacterium
marinum infection after DNA vaccination. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
73:33-41.
2006. Knowles, S., T.C. Hrubec, S.A. Smith and R. Bakal. Hematology
and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured shortnose sturgeon
(Acipennser brevirostrum). Veterinary Clinical Pathology 35:434-440.
2006. Lowry, T.L. and S.A. Smith. Mycobacterium sp.
in cultured cobia. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish
Pathologists 26(2):87-92.
2006. King, R.K., G.J. Flick, Jr., S.A. Smith, M.D. Pierson, G.D.
Boardman, C.W. Coale, Jr. Comparison of bacterial presence
in biofilms on different materials commonly found in recirculating aquaculture
systems. Journal of Applied Aquaculture 18:79-88.
2005. Hurton, L., J. Berkson and S.A. Smith. Selection of a
standard culture medium for primary culture of Limulus polyphemus amebocytes. In
Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Animal 41:325-329.
2005. McAdams, T.J., R.G. Reinhart, C.F. Fernandes, G.J. Flick, S.A. Smith,
C.R. Hackney, G.S. Libey, and L. A. Granata. Incidence
of pathogenic microorganisms in aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss). Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 14:95-105.
2005. Collins, M.V., G.J. Flick, S.A.Smith, R. Fayer, R. Croonenberghs,
S. O'Keefe and D.S. Lindsay. The effect of high-pressure
processing on infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
recovered from experimentally exposed Eastern oysters (Crassostrea
virgunica). J. Eukaryotic Microbiology 52:500-504.
2005. Collins, M.V., D.S. Lindsay, R. Fayer, and S.A.Smith and G.J.
Flick. Effects of e-beam and microwave irradiation on Eastern oysters
(Crassosterea virginica) experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium
parvum. J. Eukaryotic Microbiology 52:484-488
2005. Mainous, M.E. and S.A. Smith. Evaluation of various disinfectants
on Mycobacterium marinum. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health
17:284-288
2005. Smith, S.A. and J. Berkson. Laboratory culture and
maintenance of the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). Lab
Animal 34:27-34.
2005. Hurton, L., J. Berkson and S.A. Smith. Determination of total
hemolymph volume in the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. Marine
and Freshwater Behavior and Physiology 38:139-147.
2005. Pasnik, D.J., S.A. Smith, And D.S. Lindsay. Intestinal coccidiosis
in bluegill (Lepomis machrochirus). Journal of Parasitology 91:967-970.
2005. Pasnik D.J. and S.A. Smith. Immunogenic and protective effects
of a DNA vaccine for Mycobacterium marinum. Veterinary Immunology
and Immunopathology 103:195-206
2005. Mowry, D.E., M.H. Schwarz, K.H. Hartman, M.L. Jahncke and S.A.
Smith. Efficacy of hydrogen peroxide in marine recirculating aquaculture
systems holding summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus). Journal
of Applied Aquaculture 17:65-75
2004. Hrubec, T.C., D. Ward, S.A. Smith and J.L. Robertson. Age-related
changes in humoral immune response of hybrid striped bass (Morone
chrysops x Morone saxatilis). Veterinary Immunology
and Immunopathology 101:103-108.
2004. Haskell, S.R.R., K. Carberry-Goh, M.A. Payne and S.A. Smith. Current
status of aquatic species biologics. Journal of the American Veterinary
Medicine Association 225:1541-1544.
2004. Hrubec, T. and S.A. Smith. Hematology and blood chemistry reference
intervals for yellow perch (Perca flavescens) raised in recirculation
systems. International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture 5:29-42.
2003. Hughes, K.P. and S.A. Smith. Common and emerging diseases in commercially
cultured summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus. Journal of
Applied Aquaculture 14:163-178.
2003. Pasnik, D.J., S.A. Smith and J.C.Wolf. Accidental electroshock
of fish in a recirculation facility. The Veterinary Record 153:562-564
2003. Pasnik, D.J., R. Vemulapalli, S.A. Smith and G.G. Schurig. A recombinant
vaccine expressing a mammalian Mycobacterium sp. antigen is
immunostimulatory but not protective in striped bass. Veterinary Immunology
and Immunopathology 95:43-52.
2003. Pasnik, D.J., and S.A. Smith, Development of a DNA vaccine for
piscine mycobacteriosis. GAA (Global Aquaculture Alliance) Advocate.
6:24-25.
2003. Smith, S.A., K.H. Hartman, and D.J. Pasnik. New and old diseases
of cultured yellow perch, Perca flavescens. GAA (Global Aquaculture
Alliance) Advocate 6:10-12.
2003. Harms, C.A., K.E. Howard, J.C. Wolf, S.A. Smith and S. Kennedy-Stoskopf.
Transforming growth factor-B response to mycobacterial infection in striped
bass Morone saxatilis and hybrid tilapia Oreochromis spp. Veterinary
Immunology and Immunopathology. 95:155-163.
2002. Tengjaroenkul, B., B.J. Smith, S.A. Smith, and U. Chatreewongsin.
Ontogenic development of the intestinal enzymes of cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis
niloticus L. Aquaculture 211:241-251.
2002. Smith, S.A., K.P. Hughes, and J. Luoma. Amoebic gill infestation
in pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish
Pathol. 22(6):400-402
2002. Hughes, K.P, R.B. Duncan. and S.A. Smith. Renomegaly associated
with a mycobacterial infection in summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus.
Fish Pathology 37:83-86.
2002. Walls, E.A., J. Berkson, and S.A. Smith. The Horseshoe Crab, Limulus
polyphemus: 200 Million Years of Existence, 100 Years of Study.
Reviews in Fisheries Science 10:39-73.
2002. Hughes, K.P., R.B. Duncan, S.A. Smith. Mass in oral cavity of
cultured summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus. Lab Animal
31:25-27.
2002. S.A. Smith. Non-lethal clinical techniques used in the diagnosis
of fish diseases. Journal of the American Veterinary Medicine Association.
220:1203-1206
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